A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on products with a specific geographical origin and possesses qualities, reputation, or characteristics attributable to such origin. In Malaysia, the protection of GIs is governed by the Geographical Indications Act 2022, which came into force on March 18, 2022, repealing the earlier 2000 act. The 2022 act aims to align Malaysia’s legal framework with international standards, including the TRIPS Agreement, and introduces a more structured registration regime for GIs in Malaysia. 

Under the 2022 act, GIs can now be registered for agricultural products, food products, handicrafts and industrial goods. The 2022 act also provides clearer mechanisms, including legal action against misuse and false representation of registered GIs. 

One of the earliest and most well-known GI in Malaysia is the Musang King durian. This GI ensures that only durians cultivated in designated areas of Malaysia, particularly Pahang and Johor, can be marketed under the name Musang King. This move preserves both the authenticity and economic value of the product. 

In December 2024, the Perak State Government, in collaboration with the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO), identified several Perak-based products suitable for GI registration. These include the Batu Kurau durian, Kuala Sepetang mangrove charcoal, Teluk Intan giant river prawn, Perak onions and Sungai Perak catfish. MyIPO emphasized that registering these products would protect their identity while enhancing market recognition and value, especially for small-scale rural producers. 

To further support increased access to IP services, MyIPO opened a new satellite office in Kedah in January 2025. This initiative from MyIPO promotes awareness and facilitates GI registration in rural and underrepresented areas. Notably, products from Kedah, such as Kedah fragrant white rice, have been identified for potential GI registration. 

The transition towards a more robust framework of GI under the 2022 act, coupled with proactive efforts by MyIPO, has resulted in a steady increase in GI registrations and awareness. MyIPO continues to conduct outreach programs to educate producers and associations on the commercial and legal benefits of GI. As of December 2024, Malaysia has registered a total of 127 GIs with nine new applications for the year. 

Malaysia’s push for GI protection reflects a broader strategy to preserve cultural heritage, promote rural development and enhance global competitiveness of local products. The progress seen in 2024 and 2025 thus far indicates a growing recognition of GI not merely as a legal instrument but as a valuable economic asset for local communities. 

As Malaysia moves forward, the focus will be on strengthening enforcement, expanding the list of protected GIs and increasing international recognition through reciprocal agreements and export-oriented markets.